UCS generic collation locale -- rationale for Cyrillic

CEN/ISO SC22/WG20 N547
Date: 1997-11-13

Title: UCS generic collation locale -- rationale for Cyrillic

Source: Michael Everson
Status: Expert Contribution
Action: For consideration by SC22/WG20
Distribution: SC22/WG20, UTC

Recently Johan van Wingen posted a number of queries regarding the ordering of Cyrillic characters in the current draft of ISO 14651 to the SC22/WG20 e-mail reflector. Although the standard is out for ballot, this paper is intended to answer the comments of the US National Body as given in SC22/WG20 N527R, and to provide information regarding the ordering of the Cyrillic characters given in ISO 14651.

I give below Johan van Wingen's note as the basis for the discussion.

Dear Colleagues

On p. 5 of WG20 N 527R there is a comment from the US NB on Cyrillic character ordering. It contains some strange references. ISO/R9 is long outdated and unavailable anymore. The most recent edition is ISO 9:1995, and it has two tables, one for Slavic, one for non-Slavic. Also, "other sources" are mentioned without stating which.

But the problem the US identified is real. I somewhat overlooked the issue in 14651 up to now. What should be the basis for a Cyrillic general order? The tables for Cyrillic in 10646-1 (which are largely my work) were never intended to specify an order (and are just unsuitable). There is no source in literature which gives an order for ALL Cyrillic letters. The tables in ISO 9 are incomplete, separate Slavic and non-Slavic, and contain several non-existing letters. The only ordered list I know of is in K. M. Musaev (p. 80-81), for both Slavic and non-Slavic (merged), but is also incomplete, has a few errors, and does not contain Serbian and Macedonian letters. Giljarevskij and Grivnin contain all Cyrillic characters, but lists them alphabetically for every language separately. None of these sources include historic characters. Thus a general order in 14651 is likely to be arbitrary, but should not conflict with the order on which the present sources agree. Anyway, a justification should be given in good scientific style, and a note be added saying: This order has been specially invented for the purpose of this standard. Even then, the order should reflect some sense. Why are the poor Abkhasian letters placed at the end of the list? Why are the four pre-1917 letters mixed up with the historic ones, and not placed at their pre-1917 position? Apart from this, non-slavic Cyrillic has a large number of digraphs, trigraphs and tetragraphs which take a place in the alphabet (see Musaev and Giljarevskij and Grivnin). This is ignored in 14651.

Best regards from J. W. van Wingen

The order given fo the Cyrillic script in ISO 14651 are based on the same principles which are used to order the Latin script. The chief reason for this is that the Cyrillic script is used for a great many languages, each with its own unique ordering. It is impossible to reconcile all of these orderings, so a generic ordering is given which can be tailored to meet the needs of individual languages. The generic ordering does not favour any particular language, but is based on the graphic form of the character.

The basic order of the Cyrillic script is taken to be that of the prototypical alphabet, Old Church Slavonic. This order is given in the following works:

Faulmann, Carl. 1990 (1880). Das Buch der Schrift. Frankfurt am Main: Eichborn. ISBN 3-8218-1720-8 (ger)
Haarmann, Harald. 1990. Universalgeschichte der Schrift. Frankfurt/Main; New York: Campus. ISBN 3-593-34346-0 (ger)
Istrin, Viktor Aleksandrovich. 1963. 1100 let slavjanskoj azbuki, 863-1963. Moskva: Nauka. (rus)
Leskien, A. 1922. Handbuch der altbulgarischen (altkirchenslavischen) Sprache. Heidelberg: Carl Winter. Pp. 4-5. (ger)
Safarík, Pavel Josef. 1853. Památky hlaholského písmennictví. Prag: Haase. P. 6. (cze)
Xaburgaev, G. A. 1986. Staroslavjanskij jazyk. Moskva: Prosveshchenie. Back flyleaf. (rus)

The order given for Old Church Slavonic in the ALA-LC Romanization Tables differs from these sources, which should be considered more authoritative.

Other works consulted:

Akademija Nauk SSSR: Kazanskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii. 1966. Tatarsko-ruskij slovar' = Tatarça-rusça syzlek . Moskva: Sovetskaja enciklopedija. (tat rus)
Axmerov, K. Z. (Axmerov, Q. Z.), et al. 1958. Bashkirsko-russkij slovar' = Bashqortsa-russa hüðlek. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo inostrannyx i nacional'nyx slovarej. (bak rus) Azymov, P., Berdiev, R., & Sejisov, Y. 1990. Xarplyk 1-ndzhi klas (alty jashlyrlar üçin). Ashgabat: Magaryf. (tuk)
Azizbekov, X. A. (Äzizbäjov, X. Ä.) 1965. Azerbajdzhansko-russkij slovar' = Azärbajcanca-rusca lüghät. Baku: Azerbajdzhanskoe gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo. (aze rus)
Baskakova, N. A. (Baskakovyñ, N. A.) et al.Türkmençe-rusça sözlük = Turkmensko-russkij slovar'. Moskva: Sovetskaja ènciklopedija. (tuk rus)
Çoçua, Andrej M. 1970. Ap)sua byzshäa: anban ash't,ax' izyp)x'o ashek/u. Akua: Alashara. (abk)
Judaxin, K. K. 1965. Kyrgyzça-orusça sözdük = Kirgizsko-russkij slovar'. Moskva: Sovetskaja ènciklopedija. (kir rus)
Musaev, Kenesbaj Musaevich. 1965. Alfavity jazykov narodov SSSR. Moskva: Nauka. (rus)
Pal'mbax, A. A. 1955. Tuvinsko-russkij slovar' = Tyva-orus slovar'. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo inostrannyx i nacional'nyx slovarej. (tyv rus)
Slepcov, P. A. 1972. Jakutsko-russkij slovar' = Saxalyy-nuuççalyy tyld'yt. Moskva: Sovetskaja ènciklopedija. (yakut rus)

Although Cyrillic letters are, by convention, considered separate at level 1 of the sort, nevertheless, in order to be consisitent with the ordering of the Latin and Greek scripts in 14651, similar characters are ranked at level 1 as though they had accents at level 3. The ranking gives us a logical, predictable order, not unlike that used for Latin and Greek, and is in accord with what information we have about ordering Cyrillic in general. The order of the "accents" given for Cyrillic is as follows:

PECULIAR, ACUTE, BREVE, DIAERESIS, DOUBLE ACUTE, MIDDLE TILDE, BAR, VERTICAL BAR, DESCENDER, LEFT DESCENDER, MACRON, TOPBAR, VARIANT, MIDDLE HOOK, YOTIFIER.

This order is not identical to that found in Musaev, but it is fairly close (here BREVE precedes DIAERESIS but in Musaev DIAERESIS precedes BREVE), and Musaev is not intended to be normative. The order is isomorphic to the order of general accents already found among the collating symbols in ISO 14651, where BREVE precedes DIAERESIS. It need hardly be said that the order of accents is a fairly arbitrary thing in 14651.

To answer some specific questions:

Abxazian letters should be sorted as derived letters (following IE and O), not as new basic letters (added to the end of the alphabet). This is in accordance with Abxazian practice.
Johan asked: "Why are the four pre-1917 letters mixed up with the historic ones, and not placed at their pre-1917 position?" If he means the four letters used in the Russian language before 1917 (BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I, YAT, FITA, IZHITSA), then the answer is that Russian was not taken as the base, but Old Church Slavonic, as this is more generic and language-independent. Nevertheless, upon checking Faulmann 1880 I find that the relative order of I,... BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I,... SOFT SIGN, YAT,... YA... FITA, IZHITSA is indeed the order used in Russian, so the ordering here is conformant with the practice of that large and important language.
The digraphs, trigraphs, and tetragraphs given in Musaev can be tailored in implementations of 14651, but are outside the scope of the basic table.

The principles used to sort Cyrillic in 14651 can be seen to be the same as those employed for Latin, a script also used for many languages. No one language is favoured over any other. There is to my knowledge only one possible outstanding issue:

The order where DZE precedes ZE follows the historical order of these letters in Old Church Slavonic where ZELO precedes ZEMLJA. DZE is identical with ZELO and ZE is identical with ZEMLJA. When the characters are given their numeric values (as they often are when used as dates in books), ZELO is 6 (8 in Glagolitic) and ZEMLJA is 7 (9 in Glagolitic). In Old Ukrainian ZELO precedes ZEMLJA. In Old Romanian SALO precedes SEMLIA. The open issue is this: I have heard, but can neither confirm nor deny with the sources I have to hand, that in the Macedonian language ZE precedes DZE. The default order of 14651 where DZE precedes ZE can be tailored for modern Macedonian needs just as the order of ÆØÅ must be tailored for in Danish. However I felt it my duty to bring attention to the point. There is a lot of literature using the Cyrillic script which would require the Old Church Slavonic ordering, and I felt that it was best (and less contentious) to stick to the layout of the prototypical Cyrillic script for ISO 14651.

The following table is correct according to the principles discussed. The table appearing in the current draft does not follow these principles, but that is an error, and the table here is what ought to be used. National Bodies take note.

The table is preceded by a picture showing all the characters in order.

order_start <Cy>;forward;forward;forward;forward,position
%
<U0410> <acy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A
<U0430> <acy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A
<acy8>
<U04D0> <acybreve8>;<BREVE>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE
<U04D1> <acybreve8>;<BREVE>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE
<acybreve8>
<U04D2> <acydieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
<U04D3> <acydieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
<acydieresis8>
<U04D4> <aecy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE A IE
<U04D5> <aecy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE A IE
<aecy8>
<U0411> <be8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE
<U0431> <be8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE
<be8>
<U0412> <ve8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE
<U0432> <ve8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE
<ve8>
<U0413> <ge8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE
<U0433> <ge8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE
<ge8>
<U0403> <gje8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GJE
<U0453> <gje8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE
<gje8>
<U0492> <gebar8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE
<U0493> <gebar8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE
<gebar8>
<U0490> <geupturn8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN
<U0491> <geupturn8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN
<geupturn8>
<U0494> <gehook8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK
<U0495> <gehook8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK
<gehook8>
<U0414> <de8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE
<U0434> <de8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE
<de8>
<U0402> <dje8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJE
<U0452> <dje8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJE
<dje8>
<U0415> <ie8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE
<U0435> <ie8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE
<ie8>
<U04D6> <iebreve8>;<BREVE>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH BREVE
<U04D7> <iebreve8>;<BREVE>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH BREVE
<iebreve8>
<U0401> <io8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO
<U0451> <io8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO
<io8>
<U0404> <ecy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
<U0454> <ecy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
<ecy8>
<U04D8> <schwacy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA
<U04D9> <schwacy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA
<schwacy8>
<U04DA> <schwacydieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS
<U04DB> <schwacydieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS
<schwacydieresis8>
<U04BC> <cheabkhasian8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE
<U04BD> <cheabkhasian8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE
<cheabkhasian8>
<U04BE> <cheabkhasiandes8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER
<U04BF> <cheabkhasiandes8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER
<cheabkhasiandes8>
<U0416> <zhe8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE
<U0436> <zhe8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE
<zhe8>
<U04C1> <zhebreve8>;<BREVE>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE
<U04C2> <zhebreve8>;<BREVE>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE
<zhebreve8>
<U04DC> <zhedieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS
<U04DD> <zhedieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS
<zhedieresis8>
<U0496> <zhertdes8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER
<U0497> <zhertdes8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER
<zhertdes8>
<U0405> <dze8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE
<U0455> <dze8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE
<dze8>
<U0417> <ze8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE
<U0437> <ze8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE
<ze8>
<U04DE> <zedieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS
<U04DF> <zedieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS
<zedieresis8>
<U0498> <zecedilla8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER
<U0499> <zecedilla8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER
<zecedilla8>
<U04E0> <ezhcy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE
<U04E1> <ezhcy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE
<ezhcy8>
<U0418> <ii8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I
<U0438> <ii8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I
<ii8>
<U0419> <iibreve8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I
<U0439> <iibreve8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I
<iibreve8>
<U04E4> <iidieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
<U04E5> <iidieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
<iidieresis8>
<U04E2> <iimacron8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON
<U04E3> <iimacron8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON
<iimacron8>
<U0406> <icy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
<U0456> <icy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
<icy8>
<U0407> <yi8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI
<U0457> <yi8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI
<yi8>
<U0408> <je8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER JE
<U0458> <je8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE
<je8>
<U041A> <ka8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA
<U043A> <ka8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA
<ka8>
<U040C> <kje8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KJE
<U045C> <kje8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE
<kje8>
<U049E> <kabar8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH STROKE
<U049F> <kabar8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH STROKE
<kabar8>
<U049C> <kavertbar8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE
<U049D> <kavertbar8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE
<kavertbar8>
<U049A> <kartdes8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER
<U049B> <kartdes8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER
<kartdes8>
<U04A0> <kabashkir8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BASHKIR KA
<U04A1> <kabashkir8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA
<kabashkir8>
<U04C3> <kahook8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH HOOK
<U04C4> <kahook8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH HOOK
<kahook8>
<U041B> <el8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL
<U043B> <el8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL
<el8>
<U0409> <lje8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE
<U0459> <lje8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE
<lje8>
<U041C> <em8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM
<U043C> <em8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM
<em8>
<U041D> <en8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN
<U043D> <en8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN
<en8>
<U040A> <nje8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NJE
<U045A> <nje8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE
<nje8>
<U04A2> <enrtdes8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER
<U04A3> <enrtdes8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER
<enrtdes8>
<U04A4> <engcy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE EN GHE
<U04A5> <engcy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE EN GHE
<engcy8>
<U04C7> <enhook8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH HOOK
<U04C8> <enhook8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH HOOK
<enhook8>
<U041E> <ocy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O
<U043E> <ocy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O
<ocy8>
<U04E6> <ocydieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
<U04E7> <ocydieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
<ocydieresis8>
<U04E8> <ocybar8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O
<U04E9> <ocybar8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O
<ocybar8>
<U04EA> <ocybardieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS
<U04EB> <ocybardieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS
<ocybardieresis8>
<U04A8> <haabkhasian8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA
<U04A9> <haabkhasian8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA
<haabkhasian8>
<U041F> <pecy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE
<U043F> <pecy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE
<pecy8>
<U04A6> <pehook8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK
<U04A7> <pehook8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK
<pehook8>
<U0420> <er8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER
<U0440> <er8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER
<er8>
<U0421> <es8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES
<U0441> <es8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES
<es8>
<U04AA> <escedilla8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER
<U04AB> <escedilla8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER
<escedilla8>
<U0422> <te8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE
<U0442> <te8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE
<te8>
<U04AC> <tertdes8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER
<U04AD> <tertdes8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER
<tertdes8>
<U040B> <tshe8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSHE
<U045B> <tshe8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE
<tshe8>
<U0423> <ucy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U
<U0443> <ucy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U
<ucy8>
<U040E> <ucybreve8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT U
<U045E> <ucybreve8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U
<ucybreve8>
<U04F0> <ucydieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
<U04F1> <ucydieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
<ucydieresis8>
<U04F2> <ucydblacute8>;<AIGUT>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE
<U04F3> <ucydblacute8>;<AIGUT>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE
<ucydblacute8>
<U04EE> <ucymacron8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON
<U04EF> <ucymacron8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON
<ucymacron8>
<U04AE> <ustrt8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U
<U04AF> <ustrt8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U
<ustrt8>
<U04B0> <ustrtbar8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE
<U04B1> <ustrtbar8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE
<ustrtbar8>
<U0478> <uk8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK
<U0479> <uk8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK
<uk8>
<U0424> <ef8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF
<U0444> <ef8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF
<ef8>
<U0425> <kha8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA
<U0445> <kha8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA
<kha8>
<U04B2> <khartdes8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER
<U04B3> <khartdes8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER
<khartdes8>
<U04BA> <hcy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA
<U04BB> <hcy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA
<hcy8>
<U0460> <omegacy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA
<U0461> <omegacy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA
<omegacy8>
<U047E> "<omegacy8><te8>";"<BLANK><BLANK>";"<CAP><CAP>";IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OT
<U047F> "<omegacy8><te8>";"<BLANK><BLANK>";"<MIN><MIN>";IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OT
<U047C> <omegacytitlo8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO
<U047D> <omegacytitlo8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO
<omegacytitlo8>
<U047A> <omegacyround8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA
<U047B> <omegacyround8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA
<omegacyround8>
<U0426> <tse8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE
<U0446> <tse8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE
<tse8>
<U04B4> <ttse8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE TE TSE
<U04B5> <ttse8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE TE TSE
<ttse8>
<U0480> <koppacy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA
<U0481> <koppacy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOPPA
<koppacy8>
<U0427> <che8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE
<U0447> <che8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE
<che8>
<U04F4> <chedieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS
<U04F5> <chedieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS
<chedieresis8>
<U04B8> <chevertbar8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE
<U04B9> <chevertbar8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE
<chevertbar8>
<U04B6> <chertdes8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER
<U04B7> <chertdes8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER
<chertdes8>
<U04CB> <cheleftdes8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE
<U04CC> <cheleftdes8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE
<cheleftdes8>
<U040F> <dzhe8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZHE
<U045F> <dzhe8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE
<dzhe8>
<U0428> <sha8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA
<U0448> <sha8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA
<sha8>
<U0429> <shcha8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA
<U0449> <shcha8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA
<shcha8>
<U042A> <hard8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN
<U044A> <hard8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN
<hard8>
<U042B> <yeri8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU
<U044B> <yeri8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU
<yeri8>
<U04F8> <yeridieresis8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS
<U04F9> <yeridieresis8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS
<yeridieresis8>
<U042C> <soft8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN
<U044C> <soft8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN
<soft8>
<U0462> <yat8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT
<U0463> <yat8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT
<yat8>
<U042D> <ecyrev8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E
<U044D> <ecyrev8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E
<ecyrev8>
<U042E> <iu8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU
<U044E> <iu8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU
<iu8>
<U042F> <ia8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA
<U044F> <ia8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA
<ia8>
<U0464> <eiotified8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED E
<U0465> <eiotified8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E
<eiotified8>
<U0466> <yuslittle8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LITTLE YUS
<U0467> <yuslittle8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LITTLE YUS
<yuslittle8>
<U0468> <yuslittleiotified8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS
<U0469> <yuslittleiotified8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS
<yuslittleiotified8>
<U046A> <yusbig8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS
<U046B> <yusbig8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS
<yusbig8>
<U046C> <yusbigiotified8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS
<U046D> <yusbigiotified8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS
<yusbigiotified8>
<U046E> <xicy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI
<U046F> <xicy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI
<xicy8>
<U0470> <psicy8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI
<U0471> <psicy8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PSI
<psicy8>
<U0472> <fita8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA
<U0473> <fita8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER FITA
<fita8>
<U0474> <izhitsa8>;<BLANK>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA
<U0475> <izhitsa8>;<BLANK>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA
<izhitsa8>
<U0476> <izhitsadblgrave8>;<2GRAV>;<CAP>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
<U0477> <izhitsadblgrave8>;<2GRAVE>;<MIN>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
<izhitsadblgrave8>
<U04C0> <palochka8>;<BLANK>;<BLK>;IGNORE % CYRILLIC LETTER PALOCHKA
<palochka8>

Michael Everson, Evertype, Dublin, 2001-09-21

Title: UCS generic collation locale -- rationale for Cyrillic

Source: Michael Everson Status: Expert Contribution Action: For consideration by SC22/WG20 Distribution: SC22/WG20, UTC

Source: Michael Everson
Status: Expert Contribution
Action: For consideration by SC22/WG20
Distribution: SC22/WG20, UTC